The Atmosphere
At every elevation, the weight of all the air molecules higher than that location
must be supported by the upward force exerted by all the air molecule collisions
from underneath. (Otherwise, Newton's laws say that the molecules above it would
fall downwards toward the ground.)

Since the total number of molecules above you in the atmosphere
decreases with elevation, so does the air pressure. But, the drop in air pressure
with altitude goes further than this. The Earth's gravity also has its part
to play. Because of the pull of gravity, the number of molecules in a unit of
volume (or number density) decreases with altitude as well. A basic
simulation of an atmosphere shows this effect. As a result, the air
pressure decreases faster with elevation than what you would expect if the air
density stayed the same.
Continue to barometers.
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